Education & Inspiration
A Little Learning:
Poetry in Motion
Poets have long guided readers through the experience of a total solar eclipse.
By C. Renée James and Scott T. Miller
NASA/Aubrey Gemignani
A nearly total solar eclipse does not provide the same experience as a total eclipse. In this photograph, the Moon covers 94 percent of the Sun's area.
[Rick Fienberg / TravelQuest International / Wilderness Travel]
Editor's note: Educational eclipse content is free and available for all
"Turn around,” the singer pleaded. A colleague had chosen this song (“Total Eclipse of the Heart”) to introduce the topic for the day. Instead of eclipses, though, all I could think of was the joke:
“Turn around,” the officer says, more firmly this time.
“Every now and then I get a little bit tired of listening to the sound of my tears.”
“Turn around,” the officer barks.
“Every now and then…”
<ZAP!>
I don’t remember anything after the taser hit me.
Smiling, I turned my thoughts back to the eclipse at hand. In August 2017, the year 2024 had seemed impossibly far away in time, but thankfully not in space. At our university, the coverage would reach 97%, the line of totality cutting through Texas just an hour to our west on April 8. Before August 2017, we would have thought 97% was sufficient. That’s a high A, after all.
But after experiencing our first total solar eclipse near Casper, Wyoming, with a small traveling astronomy class, we understood what Australian psychologist-turned-eclipse-chaser Kate Russo meant when she said, “To think that a 99.9% partial eclipse is 99.9% of the totality experience is a cognitive error. You are either in the path [of totality] or not.”
As we later discovered, though, many people aren’t quite sure what constitutes witnessing a total eclipse. While preparing for the 2024 eclipse, we asked our students if they had seen the total eclipse in 2017. A few unenthusiastic hands went up. Puzzled by their apparent apathy, we asked where they’d observed the eclipse. Unsurprisingly all the students had been far from the path of totality, completely unaware of the awe-inspiring spectacle playing out in a narrow line to their north.
A demonstraton of an eclipse can tell you the "how" but it won't convey any of the awe.
[Astronomical Society of the Pacific]
Listen to the reactions from the Sam Houston State University astronomy class and professors, while observing the incredible sight of totality. (Note: there is a swear word.) The photograph and audio were both captured August 21, 2017, from near Casper, Wyoming.
[Samuel I. Beard, Jr]
Of course, astronomically speaking, totality is nothing more than a fortuitous geometric happenstance. The Moon insinuates itself perfectly between Earth and the Sun, casting a small shadow on our spinning planet. Dates and times and the extent of the shadow’s path as it races across the globe can be computed for millennia into the future. After playing with Styrofoam balls and projector lamps to grasp the “how” of totality, students can learn of the Saros cycle, the distinction between annular, partial, and total eclipses, and other practical details.
To really get totality, to fully grasp why people like Russo and Mr. Eclipse, Fred Espenak, and hundreds of others bounce across the globe to spend scant minutes standing in the Moon’s shadow as often as possible, you need to witness it.
“Some... celestial event... no... no words, no words... to describe it,” Ellie Arroway, the determined astrophysicist in Carl Sagan’s Contact, utters upon being the sole human witness to a spectacular celestial event. “Poetry! They should have sent a poet. So beautiful... beautiful... so beautiful, so beautiful. I had no idea.”
Indeed it’s hard to understand why something as simple as a chance alignment could inspire poetry. Even Billy Collins begins his poem “As If to Demonstrate an Eclipse” in a rather ho-hum fashion that perfectly encapsulates the classroom eclipse, detailing how he creates a model of our solar system using an orange for the Sun, a marble for the Earth, and an aspirin for the Moon. Does it describe the experience, though? In the poem’s title seems to be a sarcastic response: “As if…” But the poem continues,
I get a glass from a cabinet,
open a bottle of wine,
then I sit in a ladder-back chair,
a benevolent god presiding
over a miniature creation myth,
and I begin to sing
a homemade canticle of thanks
for this perfect little arrangement”
The speaker becomes gradually inebriated — literally and figuratively — by the whole affair, marveling at the precise harmony of the heavenly spheres.
Then comes the feeling of being one with the whole of the universe. People who have witnessed totality understand this. We know that tears are shed as total strangers hug each other. We know the feeling of drunken euphoria as totality sets in. In Collins’ piece, the joy and gratitude and interconnectedness shine through:
Then I fill my glass again and give thanks for the trout, the oak, and the yellow feather,
singing the room full of shadows, as sun and earth and moon circle one another in their impeccable orbits and I get more and more cockeyed with gratitude.
For the August 21, 2017, total solar eclipse, the authors traveled with a small astronomy class to near Casper, Wyoming.
[Samuel I. Beard, Jr]
Poet Ravi Shankar reads his poem "Crossings," in this video from PBS NewsHour.
[PBS NewsHour]
If Collins equates eclipse-watching to drunkenness, others take a more romanticized view. Ella Wheeler Wilcox, in her simply titled poem “A Solar Eclipse,” sweeps the reader up in a description of pure emotional bliss between the Moon and Earth.
Sometimes such passionate love doth in her rise, Down from her beaten path she softly slips, And with her mantle veils the Sun’s bold eyes, Then in the gloaming finds her lover’s lips. While far and near the men our world call wise See only that the Sun is in eclipse.
The last two lines come as an insult to any scientist who has felt the overwhelming power of the shadow. Understanding the reason behind a total eclipse and experiencing the awe of it aren’t mutually exclusive. If you’ve ever stood in the shadow of the Moon, then you know how the world around you changes. Sunlight begins to dim as lights across town automatically illuminate at the seeming approach of night. Birds and other creatures are similarly fooled, preparing to settle down as sunlight wanes and a chill enters the air.
Ravi Shankar’s poem “Crossings” conveys this eerie shift in atmosphere that occurs during a total solar eclipse:
Between forest and field, a threshold like stepping from a cathedral into the street— the quality of air alters, an eclipse lifts,
boundlessness opens, earth itself retextured into weeds where woods once were. Even planes of motion shift from vertical
navigation to horizontal quiescence: there’s a standing invitation to lie back as sky’s unpredictable theater proceeds
Suspended in this ephemeral moment after leaving a forest, before entering a field, the nature of reality is revealed.
SCOTT T. MILLER is a Professor of physics and astronomy at Sam Houston State University, where he has taught introductory astronomy for non-science majors and engaged in astronomy education research since 2008.
C. RENÉE JAMES is a science writer and professor of physics and astronomy at Sam Houston State University, where she has taught introductory astronomy since 1999. She is the author of three books, “Seven Wonders of the Universe That You Probably Took for Granted” (2010), “Science Unshackled” (2014), and "Things That Go Bump in the Universe" (2024).
Suspended in this ephemeral moment after leaving a forest, before entering a field, the nature of reality is revealed.
Whether you read it silently to yourself or listen to the author read his poem, you are struck with the feeling that totality is a separate world, an experience that no diagram or classroom demonstration could ever convey. Perhaps, then, it’s time to give students something beyond those diagrams and demonstrations, and even beyond the catchy 80s song lamenting that “once upon a time there was light in my life, but now there’s only love in the dark.” Perhaps it’s time to let the poets guide them a bit farther and pull the curtain back just a little bit on that new world. ✰
(Originally published March 29, 2024)
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